THE INFLUENCE THE OF MAIN CHARACTERS’ CONFLICTS TOWARD PLOT IN OSCAR WILDE’S “THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING EARNEST”
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Human beings as one of the three
alive-creatures besides animal and plant have a particular ability, which makes
him so special, that dominates the others. They are able to adapt, to survive
and to analyze the universe phenomenon, which make their quality of life better
and better since the past. They have the whole ability because God has granted
them brain. Their curiosities are so great that they learn more and more.
Besides, something that makes them more special than the others is they know
the way to express their feeling, thought, and emotion. Something to provide “a
place” for all of the people’s expression is literature.
Literature, according to Moleong as quoted
by Spadlex (2000:13), is the knowledge which is earned by human beings arise
conduct and it is used to reflect and express experience. Another opinion said that literature is one
of the great creative and universal means of communicating the emotional,
spiritual, or intellectual concerns of mankind (The Encyclopedia of Americana,
vol. 22:559). It seems that something human being does deals literature,
especially in communicating. To communicate to each other may be done by a
means, such as by a letter, speaking directly, by phone etc. Even something
they wrote or said, no matter what its content, could be called a literature.
Well, in this life, in purpose or not in purpose, they have involved in a
literature.
By using their mind they produced an
expression of their feeling, emotion and thought to communicate with others.
And this result of literature is called a literary work. Literary work consists
of two types, namely imaginative and non-imaginative. Both literary works are
basically the same, that is both are expressed aesthetically, but they have a
different in expression. Imaginative type is commonly using connotative
sentence to express an idea, while non-imaginative type is more realistic than
the imaginative one. It uses denotative sentence.
Non-imaginative type consists of essay,
criticism, biography, autobiography, history, memoir, diary, and letters. And
imaginative type consists of poetry, fiction, and drama. In this paper, the
writer takes a drama as an object that will be further analyzed. Drama may be
defined as a work of literature or a composition which delineates life and
human activity by means of presenting various actions of – and dialogues
between – a group of characters (Reaske, 1966:5).
Drama was firstly introduced by a Greek
philosopher Aristotle. He also identified six elements of drama that enhance
not only the story telling, but also the instructive and aesthetic values of a
play. The first four of the elements is plot, character, thought, and diction
(relate to drama / written script). And the last two elements are music and
spectacle (relate to theatre / the play in performance).
(http://www.appendix%20C%20elements.html, accessed on December 21st 2004 ).
To analyze a drama in a study or paper there
must be minimally two elements that support each other, such as plot and
character. Plot and character are two significant elements and very needed in a
story. Plot is the arrangement of the incidents or events in a story, which are
interconnected each other, that makes a story more interesting and easy to be
comprehended. Meanwhile, character is the player in the story; it may be
humans, animals, or other imagination creatures created by the author. The story contains problems appearing within
the actions that make the character struggle to overcome the problems.
Therefore, the writer takes a topic “The Influence of the Main Character’s
Conflicts towards Plot in Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest”. The
writer utilizes the characteristic of the main character and is supported by
the plot to find out the influence the character’s conflicts towards the plot
in the play.
1.2 Objective of the Study
After reading the story of the drama, the
writer concludes that there are many conflicts found which dealing with the
main character. And of course the conflicts may influence the main character.
Therefore, the writer can illustrate the objective of the study into four
objectives. First, to find out the Earnest Worthing’s and Algernon’s
characteristics and their characterization in Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of
Being Earnest. Second, after analyzing the main characteristics, the writer
tries to find out the conflicts dealing with them, either internal or external
conflicts. Then third, the writer will try to elaborate the plots one by one.
And finally, the writer will try to find out how far the influence of the main
character’s conflicts toward the plots in The Importance of Being Earnest.
1.3 Scope of the Study
As there are many aspects in the Oscar
Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest, the writer makes a limitation of
discussion to assure the theme of this thesis’ analysis, namely the main
characters, Earnest Worthing and Algernon, and the characterization of the main
characters by Oscar Wilde; the internal and external conflicts which deal with
the main characters; the plots; and the influence of the main character’s
conflicts toward the plots.
1.4 Method
Methods are needed to analyze the drama. In
this paper the writer applies library research as the method of the study and
applies psychological approach to analyze the main characters’ characteristics
in order to find out the conflicts and then relate them to plots, hence the
influence of the main characters’ conflicts toward the plots will be revealed.
1.4.1
Method of the Study
The library research was applied to support the analysis of the
drama, collecting some data and information needed from the relevant books or
other resources. Then reading and comprehending the data, making some notes
until making conclusion. According to Atar Semi, library research is a method
of doing a research in a working room or library, where the needed data and
information about the subject matter are required through books or other
audiovisual means. Library research is done to collect the data by finding some
books related to the research as references (1993:8).
1.4.2
Method of Approach
Semiotic approach is employed in analyzing the drama. As
Nurgiyantoro said that semiotic is a science or analysis method to examine
signs. The signs could be a body language, mouth, eyes movement, color, and
other things around our life (2000: 40). In this paper the writer utilizes
psychological approach to analyze the main characters in the Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest. It
seems those approaches very close to analyze the aspects, especially the main
character’s conflict and the plot, found in the main characters’ characteristic
and the setting which influences the main characters. The analysis of the main
characters is made by unfolding the character through actions and dialogue.
Literary works manifest social life and have a close
relation with social community, as commonly literary works discuss the human
life. Based on that statement the writer uses psychological approach to analyze
the main characters. Psychological approach is an approach that is applied
since literary works are frequently study events or phenomenon about human’s
life (Atarsemi, 76:1993). Psychic conflicts are caused by psychological
problems. It is natural, as humans’ character that desire something more and
more which actually their ability and capability are limited. Therefore,
humans’ life is just like a drama, which containing plots of life that may be
due to humans’ characteristics and their interaction to surroundings in their
social life or interaction to them selves, their mind or heart, in this case is
internal conflicts. The psychological approach here includes the main
characters’ characteristics and is used to analyze the main characters’
conflicts. The psychological approach is appropriate, because it can be used to
explain the plot aspect and the characteristic of the main characters.
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